Monitor Process Credentials changes at the System Call layer

Monitor system calls that change Process Credentials

Tetragon can hook at the system calls that directly manipulate the credentials. This allows us to determine which process is trying to change its credentials and the new credentials that could be applied by the kernel.

This answers the questions:

Which process or container is trying to change its UIDs/GIDs in my cluster?

Which process or container is trying to change its capabilities in my cluster?

Before going forward, verify that all pods are up and running, ensure you deploy our Demo Application to explore the Security Observability Events:

kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cilium/cilium/v1.15.3/examples/minikube/http-sw-app.yaml

It might take several seconds for some pods until they satisfy all the dependencies:

kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE            NAME                                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
default              deathstar-54bb8475cc-6c6lc                   1/1     Running   0          2m54s
default              deathstar-54bb8475cc-zmfkr                   1/1     Running   0          2m54s
default              tiefighter                                   1/1     Running   0          2m54s
default              xwing                                        1/1     Running   0          2m54s
kube-system          tetragon-sdwv6                               2/2     Running   0          27m

Monitor UIDs/GIDs credential changes

We use the process.credentials.changes.at.syscalls Tracing Policy that hooks the setuid system calls family:

setuid
setgid
setfsuid
setfsgid
setreuid
setregid
setresuid
setresgid

Let’s apply the process.credentials.changes.at.syscalls Tracing Policy.

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cilium/tetragon/main/examples/tracingpolicy/process-credentials/process.credentials.changes.at.syscalls.yaml

Then start monitoring events with the tetra CLI:

kubectl exec -it -n kube-system ds/tetragon -c tetragon -- tetra getevents

In another terminal, kubectl exec into the xwing Pod:

kubectl exec -it xwing -- /bin/bash

And execute su as this will call the related setuid system calls:

su root

The tetra CLI will generate the following ProcessKprobe events:

{
  "process_kprobe": {
    "process": {
      "exec_id": "a2luZC1jb250cm9sLXBsYW5lOjQwNzk4ODc2MDI2NTk4OjEyNTc5OA==",
      "pid": 125798,
      "uid": 0,
      "cwd": "/",
      "binary": "/bin/su",
      "arguments": "root",
      "flags": "execve rootcwd clone",
      "start_time": "2023-07-05T19:14:30.918693157Z",
      "auid": 4294967295,
      "pod": {
        "namespace": "default",
        "name": "xwing",
        "container": {
          "id": "containerd://55936e548de63f77ceb595d64966dd8e267b391ff0ef63b26c17eb8c2f6510be",
          "name": "spaceship",
          "image": {
            "id": "docker.io/tgraf/netperf@sha256:8e86f744bfea165fd4ce68caa05abc96500f40130b857773186401926af7e9e6",
            "name": "docker.io/tgraf/netperf:latest"
          },
          "start_time": "2023-07-05T18:45:16Z",
          "pid": 19
        },
        "pod_labels": {
          "app.kubernetes.io/name": "xwing",
          "class": "xwing",
          "org": "alliance"
        }
      },
      "docker": "55936e548de63f77ceb595d64966dd8",
      "parent_exec_id": "a2luZC1jb250cm9sLXBsYW5lOjQwNzk1NjYyMDM3MzMyOjEyNTc5Mg==",
      "refcnt": 1,
      "tid": 125798
    },
    "parent": {
      "exec_id": "a2luZC1jb250cm9sLXBsYW5lOjQwNzk1NjYyMDM3MzMyOjEyNTc5Mg==",
      "pid": 125792,
      "uid": 0,
      "cwd": "/",
      "binary": "/bin/bash",
      "flags": "execve rootcwd clone",
      "start_time": "2023-07-05T19:14:27.704703805Z",
      "auid": 4294967295,
      "pod": {
        "namespace": "default",
        "name": "xwing",
        "container": {
          "id": "containerd://55936e548de63f77ceb595d64966dd8e267b391ff0ef63b26c17eb8c2f6510be",
          "name": "spaceship",
          "image": {
            "id": "docker.io/tgraf/netperf@sha256:8e86f744bfea165fd4ce68caa05abc96500f40130b857773186401926af7e9e6",
            "name": "docker.io/tgraf/netperf:latest"
          },
          "start_time": "2023-07-05T18:45:16Z",
          "pid": 13
        },
        "pod_labels": {
          "app.kubernetes.io/name": "xwing",
          "class": "xwing",
          "org": "alliance"
        }
      },
      "docker": "55936e548de63f77ceb595d64966dd8",
      "parent_exec_id": "a2luZC1jb250cm9sLXBsYW5lOjQwNzk1NjE2MTU0NzA2OjEyNTc4Mw==",
      "refcnt": 2,
      "tid": 125792
    },
    "function_name": "__x64_sys_setgid",
    "args": [
      {
        "int_arg": 0
      }
    ],
    "action": "KPROBE_ACTION_POST"
  },
  "node_name": "kind-control-plane",
  "time": "2023-07-05T19:14:30.918977160Z"
}
{
  "process_kprobe": {
    "process": {
      "exec_id": "a2luZC1jb250cm9sLXBsYW5lOjQwNzk4ODc2MDI2NTk4OjEyNTc5OA==",
      "pid": 125798,
      "uid": 0,
      "cwd": "/",
      "binary": "/bin/su",
      "arguments": "root",
      "flags": "execve rootcwd clone",
      "start_time": "2023-07-05T19:14:30.918693157Z",
      "auid": 4294967295,
      "pod": {
        "namespace": "default",
        "name": "xwing",
        "container": {
          "id": "containerd://55936e548de63f77ceb595d64966dd8e267b391ff0ef63b26c17eb8c2f6510be",
          "name": "spaceship",
          "image": {
            "id": "docker.io/tgraf/netperf@sha256:8e86f744bfea165fd4ce68caa05abc96500f40130b857773186401926af7e9e6",
            "name": "docker.io/tgraf/netperf:latest"
          },
          "start_time": "2023-07-05T18:45:16Z",
          "pid": 19
        },
        "pod_labels": {
          "app.kubernetes.io/name": "xwing",
          "class": "xwing",
          "org": "alliance"
        }
      },
      "docker": "55936e548de63f77ceb595d64966dd8",
      "parent_exec_id": "a2luZC1jb250cm9sLXBsYW5lOjQwNzk1NjYyMDM3MzMyOjEyNTc5Mg==",
      "refcnt": 1,
      "tid": 125798
    },
    "parent": {
      "exec_id": "a2luZC1jb250cm9sLXBsYW5lOjQwNzk1NjYyMDM3MzMyOjEyNTc5Mg==",
      "pid": 125792,
      "uid": 0,
      "cwd": "/",
      "binary": "/bin/bash",
      "flags": "execve rootcwd clone",
      "start_time": "2023-07-05T19:14:27.704703805Z",
      "auid": 4294967295,
      "pod": {
        "namespace": "default",
        "name": "xwing",
        "container": {
          "id": "containerd://55936e548de63f77ceb595d64966dd8e267b391ff0ef63b26c17eb8c2f6510be",
          "name": "spaceship",
          "image": {
            "id": "docker.io/tgraf/netperf@sha256:8e86f744bfea165fd4ce68caa05abc96500f40130b857773186401926af7e9e6",
            "name": "docker.io/tgraf/netperf:latest"
          },
          "start_time": "2023-07-05T18:45:16Z",
          "pid": 13
        },
        "pod_labels": {
          "app.kubernetes.io/name": "xwing",
          "class": "xwing",
          "org": "alliance"
        }
      },
      "docker": "55936e548de63f77ceb595d64966dd8",
      "parent_exec_id": "a2luZC1jb250cm9sLXBsYW5lOjQwNzk1NjE2MTU0NzA2OjEyNTc4Mw==",
      "refcnt": 2,
      "tid": 125792
    },
    "function_name": "__x64_sys_setuid",
    "args": [
      {
        "int_arg": 0
      }
    ],
    "action": "KPROBE_ACTION_POST"
  },
  "node_name": "kind-control-plane",
  "time": "2023-07-05T19:14:30.918990583Z"
}

In addition to the Kubernetes Identity and process metadata from exec events, ProcessKprobe events contain the arguments of the observed system call. In the above case they are:

function_name: the system call, __x64_sys_setuid or __x64_sys_setgid
int_arg: the uid or gid to use, in our case it’s 0 which corresponds to the root user.

To disable the process.credentials.changes.at.syscalls Tracing Policy run:

kubectl delete -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cilium/tetragon/main/examples/tracingpolicy/process-credentials/process.credentials.changes.at.syscalls.yaml

Last modified December 1, 2023: docs: fix main section frontmatter and weight (e680ad34b)